Understanding the steps of preparing pistachio soil for pistachio wholesale planting
After preparing soil and water samples, if the result is positive for the garden, profiles with a maximum depth of 2 meters will be dug to fully identify the soil and, if possible, classify it. To start, if the topsoil (before or after leveling) is very saline, it is necessary to remove a thin layer from the topsoil and remove the collected soils from the field.
If the profile and sampling show that the soil texture is completely sandy or has a hard layer to a depth of 2 meters, the construction of a garden in such a place should be avoided. If it is determined by digging the profile that the soil of the garden site is flat (a layer of sand and a layer of clay or vice versa), then before doing anything, according to the garden plan and determining the direction and extension of the rows at the planting site, The soil is thoroughly mixed at least one meter wide and one to two meters deep with a shovel or loader. By doing this, if there are hard layers in the mentioned depth, it will be broken. After this, other operations can be performed according to the plan.
Pistachio tree preparation
Pistachio land irrigation systems
If a flood irrigation system is considered, the final slope of the land should reach about 1-2%. If, according to the results, corrective operations are necessary at the planting site, then it is possible to add gypsum or sulfur and rotten animal manure to the soil in the planting strip and then plant the seedlings.
It should be noted that in order to improve the soil (if the soil pH is higher than 7.5 or 8), by measuring the exchangeable sodium and considering its optimal amount, the amount of gypsum or sulfur required per hectare is calculated and Be given to the earth. Of course, it should be borne in mind that the effects of this soil remediation will appear and be observed in the long run and at least 2 to 4 years later.
If the animal manure used is completely rotten and free of weed seeds, it can be poured into the seedling planting strip and sulfur can be added to it. It should be emphasized that giving gypsum alone can improve the soil, but giving sulfur without animal manure is of no use.
Important points when planting pistachio seedlings in case of flood irrigation
After performing the above operations, if irrigation is done by flood method, the following points should be considered at the time of planting:
The permissible salinity limit for pistachios is 8 mm / dm, but too much salinity can dry out or damage seedlings. In pristine lands, before planting or planting pistachios in the early years, in order to reduce soil salinity, operations such as barley cultivation and the like should be done, so that with regular irrigation and with Durkam, soil salinity is reduced to close to the allowable level. Otherwise, drying of a number of seedlings in each irrigation will be inevitable.
Planting seedlings or seeds, especially in areas where the sources of water and soil are saline, should not be done in hot water and the top of the ridges, and it is better to choose a planting site slightly lower than the hot water.
If the seedlings have already been planted in the middle of the ridge, it is recommended that they gradually emerge from the atmosphere and ridge and become a plot and the soil around the crowns be removed.
If planting pistachios in very saline or alkaline and sodium saline lands is considered, instead of barley and ridges, a strip at least one meter wide and with a suitable depth (for sufficient volume dewatering) is created and the seedlings are right in the middle of this. The strip should be planted (the shape of the strip is rectangular and with the corresponding depth, it is actually a rectangular cube in which the seedlings are planted on the floor and on the ground).
In some exceptional cases, it is recommended to give clay to very sandy soils or to add clay soils, ensuring that the added sand or clay is not saline.
Plowing operations of pistachio orchards
Plowing operations are performed to subvert the soil and eliminate weeds, and disc operations are performed to crush the clods and collect weeds. Sometimes, if the texture of the soil is unsuitable and it is necessary to add corrective materials, these materials are added to the soil before plowing and disketting, and then this operation is performed.