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منبع رسمی مقالات در مورد بهترین پسته

بازدید : 24
شنبه 16 بهمن 1400 زمان : 10:03

In pistachio trees due to the fact that the flowers are pistachio wholesale without petals and attractive for

Insects, especially bees, are not pollinated by wind

Takes. Lack of light air flow and rainy weather, unfavorable conditions

They form pollen grains for dispersion. Also strong winds and storms

Dries the stigma surface and rain causes the stigma surface to be washed away

It goes sticky. The period of acceptance of female stigma is about 2 to 3 days

Have reported that if there are suitable environmental conditions and supply of pollen

Suitable and sufficient, the nodule germinates, the pollen tube grows and enters the ovary

After combining with the egg cell, it forms the embryo. If pollen

Do not spray, the flowers will fall off and the fruits will be empty. Flowers fall

Non-pollinated plants usually within 3-4 weeks after full flowering stage

Done. The farthest effective distance between male and female pistachio trees where it blows

A gentle breeze found at least one live pollen on the female flower stigma

Is 20 meters. The right ratio of male and female pedestals in a garden is the most important

Factors influencing pistachio pollination and observing the ratio of one male tree per

All 8 female trees can provide enough pollen and the problem of shortage

Remove the pollen. Planting a row of male trees perpendicular to the prevailing wind path and in

The edge of the garden produces a good amount of pollen. In areas where cultivation and acquaintance

Extensive pistachio orchards with extensive operations and pistachios as well as wind

Suitable wind when the trees are flowering, the ratio of female to male trees, can be

Increased and the ratio of 20 to 25 female trees versus a suitable male tree

is. In areas where there is not enough pollen or environmental conditions prevent it

Pollination becomes natural, artificial pollination using pollen

It is done safely and safely. The best time for extra pollination is when

Most of the young flowers are in clusters. High increase in pollen

Stigmas may in some cases cause competition between pollen grains

Stigma and reduce female flower fertility.

برچسب ها pistachio wholesale ,
بازدید : 44
پنجشنبه 14 بهمن 1400 زمان : 11:17

The cooling requirement of Iranian pistachio cultivars pistachio wholesale is about 1200-600 hours. No

Providing cooling needs of pistachio trees causes delay in flowering, irregular flowering,

Reduce the number of leaflets, produce simple and abnormal leaves and flower zinc

The growth branches of the current season are lateral and lateral. Pistachio is the same

Other deciduous trees require a certain minimum of cold to develop buds

For 1000 hours at a temperature of less than 7 degrees Celsius during the sleep period

It is winter. Akbari and Cherokee cultivars need colder than other pistachio cultivars

It has more than 1000 hours. In the winter of 1993 due to relative warmth

The weather reduced the need for cooling, familiarity with the operation, and some pistachio crops

Pistachio cultivars, including Akbari cultivar, were not supplied throughout the country and caused a decrease

The performance was over. For example, accumulated cold based on meteorological data

Rafsanjan until February 6, 1994 based on the calculation of the Utah method 624 hours and

The method from zero to 7 degrees Celsius was 625 hours as predicted

By the end of that year, 800 hours of cold will be provided. But for Akbari figure this

The need for cooling is not enough and this need will be met by the methods described

, To be eliminated. One of the methods to meet the cooling needs of Akbari cultivars

Pistachio is the use of volk oil. Due to temperature fluctuations in the use of oil

Volk is recommended as follows:

Soil and fresh water: Akbari cultivar 40 per thousand and other cultivars in the proportion of 30 per thousand

Soil and saline water: Akbari cultivar 50 per thousand and other cultivars 40 per thousand

Soil and saline EC is above 12. Due to the importance of Volk oil in the removal

To meet the cooling needs of pistachio trees, it is necessary to provide points in this regard:

First point: these materials are emulsifiable oils, Volk 92, Supravilo and…

They are famous. In fact, substances from the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons are from

Paraffin oils are made with petroleum derivatives.

Note: Vulk oil and winter spraying to control a variety of mites, aphids,

Bugs and psyllids and… on fruit and nut trees, grapes, citrus and ..

Used. Tip 2: Volk oil creates a thin layer, the whole body of the insect up

The egg surrounds it and kills the insects by closing the airways.

Therefore, in order to achieve the desired result, all parts of the plant must be covered

to be given. Third point: the right time to use winter oil is generally one

The weeks left to bud swelling and should be at normal temperatures other than the conditions

Spray frost and heat. Familiarity with operations

Pistachio orchards of course in each area should be consulted with an expert accurate timing

To take. Tip 4: Volk oil should contain 80% paraffin as standard,

18% water and 2% emulsifier.

Tip 5: After diluting and spraying volk oil on the trees due to the presence

Standard paraffin in velvet oil should be applied to the trunks of trees like oil

The place is radiant and this condition lasts for several days. These gardens of

Several kilometers are well recognizable. If you can not see after spraying

Sprayed trees were distinguished from unsprayed, volk oil

It has been of poor quality.

Note: Oil diesel oils, in addition to not being effective on targets, cause an epidemic

The trees dry out quickly.

Tip 6: Volk oil, if used before the tree wakes up, causes

Increases the sleep period. But if used a week before the buds swell,

It accelerates the opening of buds. Use excessive concentrations

Recommended sequentially, may have the following adverse effects:

1. Drying of the branches

2- Creating ectopic branches and boils with a lot of zinc

Main branches

3- Outflow of vascular sap from the crown site 4- Reduction of tree growth

Tip 7: Be sure to consult with relevant experts to prepare quality volk oil

To be.

برچسب ها pistachio wholesale ,
بازدید : 61
چهارشنبه 13 بهمن 1400 زمان : 10:09

Micro-irrigation systems are able to provide irrigation pistachio wholesale water to the plant with full efficiency

Provided they are properly operated and managed.

One of the characteristics of micro-irrigation systems is that they are able to supply water with

Spread a high uniformity in each position, so that the whole farm the amount of water

Receive the same. But due to pressure differences in the system as well as non

Uniformity of dripper construction, even new irrigation systems is possible

They can not distribute water evenly. In a system that is precisely designed

Can be used using pressure regulating valves in the main pipes,

Main half and drain pipes or use pressure relief drippers,

Changes in pressure and thus changes in the amount of water leaving the emitters

Minimized. Also a well-designed system can sometimes with

Work with high uniformity that is properly maintained. The main reason for the lack

Uniformity of water distribution in micro-irrigation systems, blockage of drippers in

The effect of suspended particles is organic matter and sediment of lime and iron. Biological clogging in

Effect of bacterial sludge, algae present in irrigation water or on its own

The system grows, is created. Biological clogging is usually during

The use of surface water occurs. This type of clogging when used

Most of the groundwater is related to iron bacterial sludge. the operation

Maintenance Familiarity with the practice of cutting and holding with pistachio 71 for a minimum

Biological clogging problems, including chlorine injection and good water purification

is. In the case of severe biological clogging, chlorine should be injected until the concentration

It should reach 2 to PPm 5 mg / l at the end of the drain pipe. the door

When the severity of the biological contamination is lower, periodic chlorination with a concentration of 2 ml

Gram per liter is enough every few weeks.

Risk of clogging due to chemical deposition Chemical clogging is often tested

And the decomposition of irrigation water is predictable. For example, irrigation water with a higher pH

7.5 and bicarbonate of 2 mC / L meq / l or higher risk

Increase calcium carbonate deposition. Water with an amount of iron 0.5-1 mg

Droppers are at risk of clogging due to iron deposition. Lowering Ph

Water at 7 and less by injecting acid into the system from calcium carbonate precipitate

prevents. To solve the problem of iron deposition, usually water in tanks

Aerate to allow sediment to form and settle before entering the system.

Management advice to reduce the effect of soil and water salinity is one of the largest

The problems in the pistachio growing areas of the country are the salinity of water and soil.

Therefore, in order to make the best use of these resources, it is necessary to observe some technical recommendations

To minimize the harmful effects of this salinity:

1. Planting crops such as barley in pristine lands with regular and frequent irrigation

Shortly before the construction of the garden

2. If planting pistachios in saline or saline and alkaline lands is considered, seedlings

Should be grown on the floor and not in hot water. In other words instead

Sufficient volume (seedlings should be planted perfectly on the center line of this strip

Mature trees also become more familiar with the operation if they are familiar with saline water and soil

It should be made with pistachios

He refused next to the tree trunk.

3- Providing the need for washing through heavy irrigation before constructing the garden,

To reduce soil salinity and give excess water to the need to irrigate the pistachio tree along

Growth season.

4- Using suitable salinity resistant seedlings for planting in saline lands

5. Perform winter irrigation from late autumn to mid-winter, ie when

The tree is in the dormant stage.

6- Maintaining the available water of the plant in the soil at a high level by applying irrigation periods

short term.

برچسب ها pistachio wholesale ,
بازدید : 40
سه شنبه 12 بهمن 1400 زمان : 10:24

Foliar application for fruit set 5 per thousand pistachio wholesale urea, 5 per thousand zinc sulfate and 5 per

Thousands of acids were familiar with the operation and had 77 boric acid pistachios. In autumn

After pistachio harvest or early spring at the time of bud swelling

It can be seen in both times, even if the soil is salty

Boron is removed from the formula. Zinc is one of the key and effective elements in practice

Pollination and inoculation are present in all trees.

Zinc is involved in the germination of pollen grains and helps pollen tube growth

And causes fertilization and fruit formation. Zinc deficiency delays opening

Reproductive and vegetative buds grow on the tree. Also the number of seeds per spike

They are also reduced, causing the clusters in the trees to become thinner. Puki is also another

Complications of deficiency of this element. The element also plays a role in pollination and fertilization

It is important. Prove the major role of this element in flowering and in pollen potency and inoculation

Has been. Deficiency of this element causes the fall of flower clusters in young trees

Turns. The element helps to increase pollen and pistachio tree ratio

It needs more trees. Symptoms of deficiency on complication and

Spooning the margins of the leaves is the hollowness of the crop and the thinness of the clusters.

Consumption of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen fertilizers at the same time as the last irrigation

The basis of soil test and annual or infertile, increases the lifespan of eggs per year

Later and longer the pollination period

برچسب ها pistachio wholesale ,
بازدید : 25
دوشنبه 11 بهمن 1400 زمان : 10:29

The branch-eating beetle damages pistachio wholesale pistachio trees during puberty

And by attacking and feeding on the buds of trees causes the heads of the branches to dry out

The tree becomes sterile in terms of yield. Adult insects are small beetle pests

It is oval in shape with a length of 2.5 to 3.5 mm and is brown in color, but the color

The head and back of the first breast and below the abdomen and the spots on the wings are dark brown.

The color of the larvae is milky white without limbs. Maximum larval length up

5 mm is measured. White, transparent, oval insect eggs

Are shapes. Adult insects from pistachio buds during spring and summer

They feed and dig into the branch along the channel bud. With

Surveys have shown that almost 80% of people

Adults feed on only one bud during their lifetime. The number of insects that

During the life cycle, they feed on 2 or 3 buds, which is about 10%.

Therefore, in a long period of 200 days, the regeneration operation is performed

Another study was observed in June and throughout the summer months in

Conditions in Rafsanjan No more attacks on dry wood and with

Tracking the life of this insect has been shown to have only one generation per year

is.

The adult pistachio-eating adult beetle was familiar with the practice

Embryonic pistachio orchards vary depending on temperature and humidity

Lasts up to 19 days.

After hatching, the larvae dig canals in a direction approximately perpendicular to the corridor

Mothers take action. The maximum length of the larval corridor is 25 mm and the minimum is 10

Measured in millimeters. The length of the larval period also depends on the degree

The heat and humidity of the host are different. Larvae of insects

Pioneers are obtained for a longer period than the larvae that hatch

They have a maternal generation in late March and early spring.

The larvae, after completing their development, have a large space at the end of the corridor they have dug

Terry is embedded for pupation and they become pupae in it. the period

Pupation varies for up to 20 days, after which adult insects form holes

The outlets are almost round, with a diameter of 1 to 2 mm, and come out.

The period of one generation from egg to the emergence of a new generation adult insect is a maximum of 193 days

And measured for at least 36 days, which is the average life span of a generation

The pest of the day is equivalent to 4 months.

The departure of the first new generation garden insects differs from late March and early April

Every year is seen in exceptional cases even in February in Faizabad Torbat

Heydariyeh In Khorasan province, adult insects have been observed (but the percentage of departure

These people are very low. From the third decade of April, the number of people leaving gradually

The new generation has decreased and reached a minimum in the first half of June, from 20

June will be cut off in general. New generation adult beetles mostly to

Fly to nearby gardens and after being placed on pistachio branches

It begins to feed on the bud of the tree and along it, as it was said

They dig a canal inside the head of the branch. Therefore according to

The above-mentioned cases, the emergence of new generation garden insects and their invasion and attack

Gardens are done at intervals of 70 days.

The number of buds that are attacked on the branches of a tree

The number of spheres seen was 25 and at least one. Also until now

A few cases of attack and feeding familiarity with the operation and had with pistachio

The adult type of the insect has also been observed from the pistachio axis and cluster.

برچسب ها pistachio wholesale ,
بازدید : 36
يکشنبه 10 بهمن 1400 زمان : 10:52

This insect has 5 nymphal ages and adult pistachio wholesale psyllids are usually late

March, with the warming of the weather, get out of the winter shelters and immediately after

Swelling and opening of pistachio buds begin activity, feeding and spawning

It seems. Pistachio psyllid activity in the first three seasons of spring, summer and autumn

There is a slight difference in damage and life expectancy. So that in

When the leaves fall in the fall, some orchards are familiar with the operation

Pistachio orchards are infested with pests. The extent of pest damage in early spring and

It is less in late summer and more in early summer and when the fruits are gone.

Severe insect population density at or after pistachio kernel onset,

Disrupts the process of filling the brain. In case of severe pest damage

In addition to damage to the quality and quantity of the product, leaves and even flower and leaf buds

Next year, they will gradually fall, so that sometimes due to the fall

The intensity of next year's fruit buds will also affect the yield of the coming years.

Nymphs of different ages of the pest are the main damaging stage of the pest and are made of sap

They feed on plants. The nymphs excrete a lot of juice into it

It is also called sugar. This pest has at least 5 generations per year and

It overwinters as full-grown winter insects under leaves and clumps

Garden surface gaps between tree trunks, wall crevices and other shelters

Expires. The average duration of egg hatching is 20 to 25 days

It takes. Of course, in summer and with warmer weather and moderate increase

The temperature decreases at this time.

How to fight Using several fighting methods including biological control, yellow cards,

Chemical control and the use of agricultural operations are effective.

برچسب ها pistachio wholesale ,
بازدید : 42
شنبه 9 بهمن 1400 زمان : 10:34

In the subsurface drip irrigation system are usually pistachio wholesale hard and drop type pipes

In-line emitters are used to increase their lifespan. System

One-row and two-row plants have been used successfully in garden irrigation

Is. Subsurface drip tubes are usually up to 25 cm deep, depending on the product

60 cm are installed. Install pipes at greater depths for a minimum

Wetting the soil surface is used, but its installation and maintenance

It is usually more difficult.

The benefits of subsurface drip irrigation can be reduced to weed growth

The reason why the soil surface remains dry is to reduce the damage to the system components due to the operation

Harvesting or other agricultural operations and the possibility of irrigation at any time, even when

Product harvest noted. The most important drawback of this system is troubleshooting

Droppers and the dangers of roots entering the drippers. Of course

Problems with the influx of roots to the droppers can be applied

Removed herbicide-impregnated droppers, but these droppers

They are usually expensive.

Micro-sprinklers Among the advantages of micro-sprinklers over drip irrigation, may

Ability to get acquainted with the wetted area and practice with pistachio seeds

The larger they are, the more water they can use, the less sensitive they are to clogging

The reason for larger holes and also better control of issues and problems of nozzle clogging

Cited. Although the rate of increase of the soaked surface may be a condition

Provide better access for trees, but instead weed growth

Also increases. Another disadvantage of micro-sprinklers is that some insects

They go inside them and by laying eggs in them, they block the holes.

برچسب ها pistachio wholesale ,
بازدید : 38
پنجشنبه 7 بهمن 1400 زمان : 10:47

Due to the risk of severe burns from contact with the body, pistachio wholesale follow the safety tips of Kama

It is necessary. For example, the use of special gloves and clothing

Anti-acid, plastic boots and special glasses that cover the whole face,

Recommended.

Use of sulfuric acid for injection in irrigation water, direct use of gallons

Contains acid. To do this, drill a hole in the lid of one of the gallons and a hose

Thin to the approximate size of the serum hose set through the embedded hole

How to get to the bottom of the gallon. By tilting the container containing the acid to a low density

High acid leads to acid flow in the hose. The end of the hose to the bottom of the channel or

We put every place that is intended.

It is best to place the hose on the bottom of the water channel by placing a heavy object such as a rock

Consolidate. In relation to the amount of acid consumed, that amount of acid enters the water

Irrigate until the pH of the water reaches 5 to 5.5. To determine the pH can be made of paper

Used a torrent or PH meter. It should be noted that the place of measurement of water pH

Irrigation should be at least eight to ten meters away from the acid injection site. This point

Due to the difference in density of acid and water. For complete mixing of acid and water

It takes a little time or distance.

برچسب ها pistachio wholesale ,
بازدید : 39
چهارشنبه 6 بهمن 1400 زمان : 10:05

Nitrogen (N)

Symptoms of nitrogen deficiency pistachio wholesale are mostly yellowing of old leaves and adjacent clusters.

Sometimes the margins of the leaves turn light purple. The bark of trees that

Nitrogen deficient are red.

Phosphorus (P)

Phosphorus is one of the elements that is less deficient in pistachio orchards.

Symptoms of Phosphorus Deficiency The appearance of burnt spots with non-uniform shapes nearby

The edges of the old leaves appear which extend throughout the season until all

It covers the leaflet and eventually the leaf dries and falls to the ground.

Potassium (K)

Symptoms of potassium deficiency include necrotic browning of the leaf margins, as well

Which is observed in reducing the smile of the fruit and sunburn.

Calcium (CA)

Symptoms of calcium deficiency in the form of spoonful of young terminal leaves along

Leaves and bone marrow complication are observed in fruits.

برچسب ها pistachio wholesale ,
بازدید : 33
دوشنبه 4 بهمن 1400 زمان : 9:45

Fight in the following way:

Phenitrothion 1.5 _ 2 liters with 3 to 5 pistachio wholesale liters of volk oil per thousand liters of water

In case of wood-eating moth and snake pests, it is possible to mix pesticides

Console 1 liter + phenytroth 1.5 liters + Volk oil 3 to 5 liters per thousand liters of water

There is also a butterfly pest with a butterfly pest

Wood eater can mix Zolon 1 to 2 liters + 1 liter of consultant + Volk / fruit oil

Eating together with the wood-eating moth pest can mix Zolon 3 to 5 liters per thousand

Used liters of water.

Note: If the population of the pest in the garden is very large, it can be poisoned

Aphoria used 300 cc per thousand liters of water, although the success of the poison

Euphoria has been reported in populations above Sank, but its use pests all pests

We will not control and we will have casualties of natural enemies.

Spraying should be done in areas that have passed the pollination stage and seeds

Be formed (so-called millet).

Because if weeds are removed, the sink can fall into clusters

There are pistachios, it is necessary to refrain from (tilling) them

Be sure to consult with relevant experts about when to remove weeds

Kurds.

برچسب ها pistachio wholesale ,

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